Biotechnologies aimed at the environment and agriculture are called green biotechnologies They are relatively younger than the other Biotechnologies and are aimed at a very complex and articulated sector Following, applying modern technologies, a tradition that has always been consolidated: just think of the transformations in the food sector fermented foods, drinks such as wine and beer and the genetic improvement of plant and animal species of economic importance But modern green biotechnologies also deal with new processes that have become of great importance in recent years Some examples: the decontamination of polluted soils, biodepuration, the extraction of heavy metals from soil and water, composting, obtaining new sources of energy biodisel, hydrogen from microorganisms, food and origin certification and so on One of the fundamental aspects, however, is to guarantee the increase in primary food production as required by the increase in the population worldwide without requiring further sacrifices to an environment which has already been unfortunately compromised in many parts of the world