Nanoelectronics covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that physical effects alter the materials'properties on a nanoscale inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties play a significant role in the workings of these devices.At the nanoscale, new phenomena take precedence over those that hold sway in the macro-world.Quantum effects such as tunneling and atomistic disorder dominate the characteristics of these nanoscale devices