Certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) are educated in the two disciplines of nursing and midwifery and are certified according to the requirements of the American Midwifery Certification Board. CNMs manage women's health care, focusing on common primary care issues, family planning and gynecologic needs including menopause related issues, pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and care of the newborn. They practice within a healthcare system that provides for consultation, collaboration, or referral as indicated by the health status of the client, in accordance with the Standards for the Practice of Midwifery, as defined by the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM).