A student with a grade of D+ or lower in any course applied toward fulfillment of department requirements must repeat the course until the grade of C- or higher is earned, or offer another course of equal or higher rank. Similarly, to enroll in any course students must have completed the appropriate pre -requisite courses with a grade of C- or better. Any substitution of courses must be approved by the chairperson or deputy chair for advising. At least one course taken must be a writing intensive (W) course offered by the Department of Biology. Students who completed Biology 1080 and 1081 before fall 2010 may substitute them for Biology 1001 and 1002 in all degree requirements.