The Nanobiology programme of TU Delft and Erasmus MC builds on extensive existing bottom up research collaborations and cooperative mission organizations like Medical Delta. The molecular building blocks of living organisms are the focus and current advances in the nanotechnology toolkit enable the precise visualization, study and control of these biological molecules. Developments in biomedicine, such as studies on human genome variation and the control of stem cells, increasingly require analysis and quantitative description at the fundamental level. Furthermore, it is becoming possible to use the elements of the cell to develop artificial biomolecules and nanoparticles with wide applications in research and medicine.